ABSTRACT
Shallots are one of the important horticultural commodities in Indonesia, which demand is always high. The shallot supply chain faces the challenge of restrictions that have an impact on the trading system of these products. As the impact of the Covid 19 Pandemic in agriculture, this study aims to determine: what internal and external factors affect the sustainability of the shallot supply chain in the pandemic era, and what strategies are suitable for the sustainability of the supply chain. This study has located in Malang as the third largest production of shallots in East Java. This research uses a quantitative approach and purposive sampling with structured interviews online and offline to shallot actors in the supply chain channel consisting of farmers, collectors, wholesalers and consumers. The analysis was done descriptively with SWOT analysis. Result shows that SO strategy provided more advantage and strengths to anticipate threats and preventing weakness within the supply chain model. SWOT matrix has produced alternative strategies in increasing the sustainability of the shallot supply chain to sustain the pandemic of Covid-19 such as improving the partnership between actors, market share expansion and also utilizing government support. © 2023 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
A sustainable supply scenario becomes an important part of supply chain management for agricultural products in a conjuncture situation. In order to invent sustainable agriculture product supply, it is necessary to ensure that the existing upstream supply chain is sufficiently resilient with minimum disruption. This research aims to analyze risk in the shallot upstream supply chain in Malang during the Covid-19 pandemics. In this study, 8 shallots farmers and 3 intermediaries/traders were interviewed as key informants, and the purposive method was used. Upstream supply chain risk analysis is carried out in two stages to analyze risks from farmers and traders. Analysis was done by using a risk matrix. The result shows that the main risk of sustainable aspects within the upstream level is economic aspects. The distribution level needs to be paid more attention to because it has more risks than the farmers’ level.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against COVID-19 is a two-dose vaccine spread 3 to 4 weeks apart. This study aims to ascertain the antibody response to each dose with respect to age, previous infection status etc. METHODS: Baseline total COVID-19 antibody level was ascertained using Siemens SARS-CoV-2 Total Antibody assay in consenting health care workers before the first dose of vaccination. Adverse effects were noted in each individual and were monitored weekly for the total antibody titre following both doses. Descriptive statistical tests were used to analyse the changes in antibodies levels weekly after both doses. Association of previous COVID infection and age with antibody levels was assessed. RESULTS: Median (range) of age of the 30 study participants was 31.5 years.23% of the participants had a history of previous COVID-19 infection. Mild adverse events following immunisation were reported by 87% participants after first dose whereas only in 7% after second dose. Median baseline antibody titres were significantly higher among those with previous COVID infection as compared to previously uninfected individuals. Antibody titres increased consistently after first dose and showed a declining trend following the second dose in all participants and showed no significant association with previous COVID-19 infection or age. CONCLUSIONS: Antibody titre response was similar amongst the various age groups. Higher response in the previously infected individuals following first dose may make them ideal candidates for a single dose vaccine regimen. Individuals showing lower levels of neutralising antibodies can be ideal candidates for a booster dose. © Medicina Moderna 2021.